The State of Canada’s Birds is presented in partnership by Environment and Climate Change Canada and Birds Canada.

Data Contributors: The trends used to compile these accounts were contributed by Birds Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, The National Audubon Society, United States Geological Survey, the Canadian Migration Monitoring Network and the Raptor Population Index, supported by dozens of other partner organizations. The majority of the data were collected by volunteer Citizen Scientists - their dedication, expertise, and hard work make The State of Canada’s Birds possible.

Editors: Marcel Gahbauer, Willow English, Marie-Anne Hudson, Kyle Horner, Catherine Jardine, and Denis Lepage.

Data and Web: Catherine Jardine, Brennen Creighton-Young, Denis Lepage, Shane Creighton-Young, and Rick Gao.

Statistical Analysis: Adam Smith, Tim Meehan, Frédérique Tremblay, Danielle Ethier, David Iles, and Doug Tozer.

Peer Review: Christine Anderson, Mike Anderson, Julia Baak, Shannon Badzinski, Frank Baldwin, Matthieu Beaumont, Sarah Boukherroub, Chloe Boynton, David Bradley, Greg Campbell, Margaret Campbell, Larissa Clayton, John Conkin, Josh Cunningham, Pete Davidson, Stephen Davis, Kimberly Dohms, Kiel Drake, Matt Dyson, Wendy Easton, Alyssa Eby, Megan Edgar, Daniel Field, Dave Fifield, Christian Friis, Marcel Gahbauer, Daniel Giesbrecht, Carina Gjerdrum, Elizabeth Gow, Eric Gross, Kirsty Gurney, Sarah Gutowsky, David Hope, Kyle Horner, Marie-Anne Hudson, Catherine Jardine, Sean Jenniskens, Benoit Jobin, Kathy Jones, Elly Knight, Amy-Lee Kouwenberg, Benoit Laliberté, Jim Leafloor, Christine Lepage, Amie MacDonald, Stuart Mackenzie, Carmen Lisa Mahon, Nancy Mahony, Hilary Mann, Jenna McDermott, Janine McManus, Shawn Meyer, Dave Moore, Janet Ng, Julie Paquet, Heather Polowyk, Jennie Rausch, Barry Robinson, Jen Rock, Christine Rock, Pam Sinclair, Adam C. Smith, Graham Sorenson, Kathy St. Laurent, Rémi Torrenta, Doug Tozer, Junior Tremblay, Steve Van Wilgenburg, Christopher Ward, Lena Ware, Sabina Wilhelm, and Laurie Wilson.

Photography: Arvind Agrawal, Euan Aitken, Gilles Archambault, Tim Arthur, Yousif Attia, David Badke, Cody Bassindale, Jack Belleghem, Brian Bemmels, Joachim Bertrands, Allegra Bethlenfalvy, Kyle Blaney, Meredith Blogg, Darko Bojanic, Nick Bonomo, France Boutilier, Janine Brooke, Paula Brown, Marcus Buck, Alvan Buckley, Megan Buers, Gerard W. Byersbergen, Natalino Capitanio, Dave Carter, Pierre Cenerelli, Jared Clarke, Javier Cotín, Kris Cu, Gabriele Cuff, Jason Dain, Jacquie Danker, Barb D'Arpino, Ian Davies, Don Delaney, Alix d'Entremont, Brenda Doherty, Martin Dollenkamp, Alice Domalik, Réjeanne Dorion, Sue Drotos, Blair Dudeck, Gavin Edmondstone, Willow English, Gabriel Evans-Cook, Robert Ferguson, Diane Fowler, Glen Fox, Charles Francis, Bob Friedrichs, Dominique Genna, Brian Gibson, Chris Gordon, Dan Gornall, Finn Grathwol, Susi Grathwol, Shirley Rushforth Guinn, Gordon Hart, Roberto Haveroth, Peter Hawrylyshyn, Jared Hobbs, Carolien Hoek, Tim Hopwood, Kyle Horner, Rhonda Howard, Melanie Howarth, Daniel Huang, Garfield Irwin, Marcus Jackson, Chantal Jacques, Brad James, Catherine Jardine, Kiah Jasper, Vasura Jayaweera, Sean Jenniskens, Karen Johnston, Paul Jones, Steve Jones, Laura Jordison, Brendan Kelly, Ankur Khurana, Andrea Kingsley, Suzanne Labbé, Nancy Lazare, Frédérick Lelièvre, William Link, Lucas Liu, Ben Loehnen, Katelyn Luff, Mikey Lutmerding, Darcy Maatman, James MacKenzie, Stu Mackenzie, Julia Marshall, Eddy Matoud, Bill McDonald, Geoff McDonell, Mhairi McFarlane, Annie McLeod, Merri Lee Metzger, Robert Mikulec,, Rey Monfared, Jax Nasimok, Geoffrey Newell, Terry O’Brien, Lynnea A Parker, Rich Parkinson, Mark Peck, Richard Pither, Nelson Poirier, Celine Pollard, Hin Ki Pong, Michael Poole, Michael W Potter, Sally Quon, Liam Ragan, Nancy Ross, Rob Routledge, Jorge Sanz, Rain Saulnier, Nick Saunders, Jacob Schumann, Zane Shantz, Atul Sharma, Robert Shorthall, Owen Sinkus, Bruce Smith, Trisha Snider, Derek Spencer, Nina Stavlund, Martin St-Jean, Shirley Sword, Bill Thomas, Charles Thomas, Ian Thomas, John Tilford, Jerry Ting, Judy M. Tomlinson, David Turgeon, Steve Vines, Nigel Voaden, David Welch, Kerrie Wilcox, Jen Worrall, Matthew Zuro, and Curtis Zutz.

Translation: Review and translation were provided by Serge Gagné, Denis Lepage, Christine Lepage, Jules Saladzius, and Fiona Couillard Tousignant.

Photo Curation: Lisa Tran, Lindsay Daly, Megan McAulay, Catherine Jardine, Marie-Anne Hudson and Yousif Attia

Design: Web design by Maria Hernandez of Punchcard Systems. Icons and other graphics were contributed by Alexandre Nicole, Catherine Jardine, and Marie-Anne Hudson. Watercolour art by Shaylena Stenback.

Recommended Citation for the Site: Environment and Climate Change Canada and Birds Canada. 2024. The State of Canada’s Birds. Available on NatureCounts, Birds Canada. https://naturecounts.ca/nc/socb-epoc/main.jsp. Accessed Dec. 5, 2024.

Recommended Citation for Species Accounts: Environment and Climate Change Canada and Birds Canada. 2024. The State of Canada’s Birds – [Species Name]. Available on NatureCounts, Birds Canada. https://naturecounts.ca/nc/socb-epoc/species.jsp?sp=[code]. Accessed Dec. 5, 2024.