The Greater Prairie-Chicken has a complex mating system where males display in groups by inflating bright orange air sacs and making booming noises while dancing, jumping and fighting. Formerly found in southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Ontario, this species has been extirpated from Canada since the 1980s, and is now limited to the United States. One of the main causes of extirpation from Canada is thought to be habitat loss, as native prairie grassland is converted to agriculture. Other threats to the previous Canadian population included loss of genetic variation due to small population size, competition with introduced species and hunting. These factors continue to affect the remainder of this species in the United States, and one of the three subspecies is now extinct.