The Peregrine Falcon lives all over the world, both on natural cliffs and in urban centres where it nests and perches on skyscrapers, bridges, and other high vantage points. Two groups are recognized in Canada: the Peale's subspecies (F. p. pealei) on the Pacific coast, and the eastern/Arctic subspecies (F. p. anatum/tundrius) across the rest of Canada. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada lists the Peale's subspecies as Special Concern. The eastern/Arctic subspecies, once separately listed as Endangered and Threatened respectively, were jointly designated Not at Risk in 2017.

The population of the Peale's subspecies is estimated at between 250 and 1000. Targeted surveys suggest it has remained relatively stable, although confidence in this assessment is only medium and it is likely still below levels from the early 20th century. The Canadian breeding population of the eastern/Arctic subspecies together is approximately 35,000, and as many as 18,000 more may pass through Canada from Alaska on migration. In total, this represents approximately 15% of the global population, and a low level of responsibility for Canada. 

The southern part of the eastern/Arctic population has been well monitored and there is high confidence that there has been a large increase since 1970. Data from the northern part of the breeding range are more limited, but the Christmas Bird Count data for North America reflect the population overall and show a large increase. Confidence in this status is high, given precision of the trend and the magnitude of change. The eastern/Arctic subspecies is within its goal range, while the Peale's subspecies is below its goal range.