Both the Christmas Bird Count (CBC) and the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provide information on the population status of White-throated Sparrow. However, coverage by the BBS is limited in northern regions, whereas the continental CBC's coverage of the wintering range is high. Given that 97% of the population breeds in Canada, the continental CBC results should provide the most accurate reflection of the overall Canadian population. The CBC shows a steady decline over time, amounting to a 32% loss of the population, although the trend has stabilized slightly in recent years. The long-term Canadian BBS trend is largely consistent, showing a 15% decline relative to 1970. At a regional scale there is more variability, ranging from a large long-term increase in southeastern British Columbia to large decreases in the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands and Maritimes.

The goal for White-throated Sparrow is to increase the population to the level it was at in the early 1970s, based on the Christmas Bird Count. Trend data show that White-throated Sparrow is currently below its goal range, but it has stabilized over the past decade. Analysis of recent trends and potential growth rates suggests that White-throated Sparrow could reach its population goal by 2050 with the support of conservation action.