Canada Goose population trends are monitored by a number of surveys, many of which are specific to individual populations. Only the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) provides a trend at the national scale, Although the BBS does not sample the northernmost part of the breeding range and has only medium precision over the long-term, the magnitude of change since 1970, a nearly 9000% growth, is large enough for confidence to be high that there has been a large increase.  

Within the subarctic region, Ungava surveys show that the Atlantic population has shown a moderate increase of 41% since 1993, while the North Atlantic population has experienced little change since 1990 based on the North Atlantic Canada Goose Survey. In both cases, reliability is high because of good coverage and high precision. Trends are not available for the Pacific or Hudson Bay populations, which are therefore considered data deficient.

Within the temperate region, the Southern Ontario population is targeted by the Southern Ontario Waterfowl Population Survey, and the Southern Prairie population is well monitored by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey. Confidence is very high that both populations have undergone large increases, as both programs are well-suited to monitoring the species, have good coverage and high reliability, and are corroborated by similarly large increases in regional BBS trends. The Southern British Columbia population is best monitored by the British Columbia Central Plateau Waterfowl Breeding Survey, although it only samples a moderate part of the population and has a relatively short history, and therefore confidence is only medium in the observed moderated decrease of 30% since 2006. The Southern Quebec and Maritimes populations are best represented by regional BBS trends. In both cases, coverage is good and precision is medium, but because of the tremendous increases since 1970 of 52,000% in the Maritimes and 145,000% in Southern Quebec, there is high confidence that both populations have undergone large increases.

The goal for the national population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its recent population level, based on the Breeding Bird Survey. Trend data show that Canada Goose is currently within its goal range.

The goal for the North Atlantic population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its average population level from 1990 to 2023, based on the North Atlantic Canada Goose Survey. Recent data show that the population is within its goal range.

The goal for the Atlantic population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its recent population level, based on the Ungava Canada Goose survey. Trend data show that the population is currently within its goal range.

No population goals are set for the Hudson Bay or Pacific populations because there are not enough data to estimate population trends. More monitoring is needed to enable development of goals for these populations.

The goal for the Temperate Maritimes population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its recent population level, based on the Breeding Bird Survey for Bird Conservation Region 14. Trend data show that the population is currently within its goal range.

The goal for the Southern Ontario population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its recent population level, based on the Southern Ontario Waterfowl Plot Survey. Trend data show that the population is currently within its goal range.

The goal for the Southern Quebec population of Canada Goose is to remain at or above its recent population level, based on the Breeding Bird Survey for Quebec. Trend data show that the population is currently within its goal range.

The goal for the Southern Prairies population of Canada Goose is to reduce its population because it is currently considered overabundant and above its goal range.

The goal for the Southern British Columbia population of Canada Goose is to increase to the level it was at in 2006, based on the Waterfowl Breeding Population Survey of the Central Interior Plateau of British Columbia. Trend data show that this population is currently below its goal range and continuing to decline. Despite this, analysis of recent trends and potential growth rates suggests that the population could reach its population goal by 2050, but only if timely conservation action is taken.